要想学好英语,词汇这关必须过。文都考研为大家整理了考研英语高频易错词汇汇总,供各位备考的考生参考借鉴。
一、 近义词辨析
1、adjust,regulate,rectify,amend,convert,alter,modify,transform,vary 有"调整、改变"的意思。
① adjust v. 一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理。
I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.
我调节了空调以保持凉爽。
② regulate v. 指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节,使之准确工作或运行;多含有"控制"之意。
Lights are used to regulate the traffic.
红绿灯被用来管制交通。
③ rectify v. 纠正,校正(错误、文章、合同等)。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.
他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。
④ amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。
The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.
政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的工作。
⑤ convert v. 改变某事物的形式或用途,还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。
Britain converted to decimal currency system in 1971.
英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。
⑥ alter v. 使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。
The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.
裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。
⑦ modify v. 改变,修改,使某物更趋完善,还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。
He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.
他粗声大气,脾气暴躁;朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。
⑧ transform v. 指彻底、深远的改变,这种变化完全改变了外观或特性,使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。
Remodeling transformed an old, dark house into a cheerful one.
重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。
⑨ vary v. 强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。
Airfares vary from one airline to another.
航空公司的机票价格各不相同。
2、admit,confess,concede 这几个动词都有"承认"的意思
① admit v. 指由于说服、再三追问而"承认"某一事实或过错。
I admit that you have a point.
我承认你有理。
② confess v. 供认(罪行、过错等),含有"坦白、招认"的意思。
He confessed his crimes to the judge.
他向法官供认了他的罪行。
③ concede v. 指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误,但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认,还可以指"以退为进"的承认。
The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.
造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事者。
3、abide,adhere,conform,comply"遵守"的意思
① abide v.后接 by 表示“遵守,同意”。
I will abide by the director' decision.
我将遵从主任的决定。
② adhere v.后接 to 表示“遵守”、“坚持;粘附”
The team will adhere to the original plan.
团队将坚持原计划。
③ conform v.后接 to 表示“遵守,符合”。
All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.
每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。
④ comply v.后接 with 表示“遵守,服从”,用于正式的场合。
Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.
我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。
4、abolish,cancel,eliminate,dispose,erase,exclude,extinguish 都有"取消,除掉"的意思
① abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除;完全破坏。
The government abolished the tax on alcohol.
政府取消了酒税。
② cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消;删去(字、句)。
The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.
会议由于流感而取消了。
③ eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。
The losing team was eliminated from further competition.
失利的那个队被淘汰了,不能参加下一阶段的比赛。
④ dispose v.处理,处置;表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与 of 连用。(这一点做题时需要注意。)
Please dispose of household waste.
请清除掉家中的垃圾。
⑤ erase v.除去,擦掉,指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。(于是有了小学的 eraser)
I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.
我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。
⑥ exclude v.排斥;排除,不包括在内,与 include 互为反义词。
The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.
衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。
⑦ extinguish v.熄灭,扑灭(火);使沉默,使暗淡。
Firefighters extinguished a big fire.
消防队员扑灭了大火。
5、accent,tone,dialect 这三个名词意思相近,容易混淆
① accent n.口音,指某一地区语言的发音特征;重音。
He speaks English with a strong Spanish accent.
他讲英语带有很浓的西班牙口音。
② tone n.语气,音调,指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。
He speaks to his baby in soft tones.
他用柔和的语调和他的宝贝说话。
③ dialect n.方言,土语,地方话,指一个地区人们所使用的语言。
The residents here speak Sichuan dialect.
这里的居民说四川方言。
6、accomplishment,attainment,achievement"成就"
① accomplishment n.成功,成就;才艺,修养。
Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers。
对于登山运动员来说,爬上了那座山就是成功。
② attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数);达到,到达。
A scholar of the highest attainments.
造诣极高的学者。
③ achievement n.可指抽象的"成就",或具体的"成绩",与 accomplishment 是同义词。
They were proud of their children's achievements.
他们对孩子们的成绩感到自豪。
7、accuse,charge"控诉,指控"之意,所搭配的介词不同
① accuse v. 指控,控诉,与介词 of 连用。
The police accused him of theft.
警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。
② charge v. 可以指因为小错而受的责备,也指因违法而受到控告,与介词 with 连用。
The police charged him with murder.
警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。
8、accommodate,afford,furnish 都有"提供"的意思
① accommodate v.提供住宿、房间;适应,迎合,迁就。
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
这家饭店可供多达 500 位来宾住宿。
The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.
公司满足了顾客的愿望,连夜将货物发了出去。
② afford v.负担,支付;当“提供”讲时,多用于指抽象事物的提供。
We can't afford that expensive sports car.
我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。
The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.
从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。
③ furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, and it is thinking that makes what we read ours.
阅读为我们的思想提供了知识素材,然而正是思考才能将我们读到的内容变成我们自己的东西。
9、ambiguous,vague,unclear,dim “模糊的,不清楚的”的意思
① ambiguous a.意义含糊的,有歧义的,指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。(偏于歧义)
His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.
他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑,以至于我们不知道这两条路该走哪条了。
② vague a.含混的,不清楚的,多用言辞笼统而导致的不确定,该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。(偏于不确定)
We are facing the vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs.
我们正面临用草本植物生产燃料的不确定的前景。
③ unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚,使人难以看懂;不肯定的。
Unclear writing is difficult to understand.
模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。
It is unclear whether the economy will get better.
经济是否好转仍不明朗。
④ dim a.光线暗淡的,看不清的;记忆力模糊的;悲观的。
Don't work in dim light.
不要在昏暗的光线下工作。
10、associate,ally,combine,unite“结交,联合”的意思
① associate v.交往,结交;联系,联想。多指平等友好的合作,后接 with,表示与某人交往或合作,后接 in 表示在某个方面合作。
We associate with all sorts of people in the society.
在社会上,我们同各种各样的人交往。
② ally v.使结盟,使联姻,多与 with 搭配。
Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.
几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。
③ combine v.联合,化合,混合。
The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.
小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。
④ unite v.联合,合并,团结,尤指不同的事物或人团结、统一。
The nation united against its enemy.
国民团结一致共同对敌。
11、acute,crucial,urgent“严重的,重要的”的意思
① acute a.剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)。
An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.
食品的严重缺乏给伊拉克人民造成了饥饿。
② crucial a.意为"决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的",与 critical(关键的,批评的,爱挑剔的)类似。
The improvement of consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.
消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。
③ urgent a.意为"紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的",它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调"紧急的"状态。
We have an urgent need for help, and we are running out of water.
我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。
12、aggravate,reinforce,increase,strengthen,intensify“加剧,增加”的意思
①Aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等),使之恶化。
I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.
我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。
② reinforce v.增援,一般用于军队或警察的行动;(以添加材料等)加固。
A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.
一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行,用无线电话请求增援。
③ increase v.指数量上的增加。
The number of people has increased.人数增加了。
④ strengthen v.加强,巩固,增强,相当于 to become stronger。
Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.
他们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。
⑤ intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈,加剧,相当于 to become more intense or intensive。
His dog’s death intensified his loneliness.
狗的去世使他的孤独感更加强烈。
13、blame,condemn,scold,都有“责怪”的意思
① blame v.责怪,把……归咎于。
You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.
万一你考试不及格,你不能怪罪任何人。
② condemn v.谴责,判刑,用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。
The president condemned the law as an attack on personal liberty.
总统谴责这个法律侵犯人身自由。
③ scold v.责骂,训斥。
His father scolds him for making all in a mess.
他的父亲训斥他把所有事弄得一团糟。
14、boundary,border,frontier,verge 都有“边界”的意思
① boundary n.边界;界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。
The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.
这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。
② border n.较宽的边缘,边界,多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带;也可以指物体的边缘等。
We crossed the Mexican borders into the USA.
我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。
③ frontier n.边界,边境,边疆,指靠近边界(boundary)的区域;也可引申为"未开发的领域","(学术的)前沿"等。
The American West was still a frontier a century ago.
一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片未开发的土地。
She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.
她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。
④ verge n. (道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘,引申为"某事即将发生之际"。
On the verge of war, she was on the verge of a nervous breakdown.
战争爆发之际,她几近精神崩溃。
15、conserve,preserve 都有“保护,保存”的意思
① conserve v.保存,保藏,保护(强调节约)。
In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.
冬天,有些人在夜里通过调小暖气来节约能源。
② preserve v.保护;维持;保养;防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。
The government preserves the rights of the individual person.
政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。
16、convert,invert,revert,transform同意,都有转变的意思
① convert v.转变,皈依,含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。
He wants to convert to Catholicism.
他要皈依天主教。
② invert v.使颠倒,使倒转,使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.
婴儿把杯子打翻,弄洒了橙汁。
③ revert v.归还,恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.
约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子,当他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
④ transform v.改变,转变,指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
A little paint will soon transform the old house.
刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。
17、credible,credulous,plausible,这几个词,都带有相信的意思。
① credible a.可信的,可靠的。
That student told teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.
那个学生跟老师讲了实情,她因为病了才没来上课。
② credulous a.轻信的,易于相信的。
She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.
她很容易轻信别人,竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。
③ plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。
Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.
虽然这个解释似乎合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。
18、minor,inferior,secondary,都有“次要的”的意思
① minor a.较少的,较小的,较次要的,常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。
We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.
我们对合同中的一切问题甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。
② inferior a.次等的,较劣的,下级的,当"下级"讲时,强调职位的高低(相当于 subordinate 下级的,从属的);当"次等"讲时,指素质、质量等的低劣。
He was always friendly to his inferior officers.
他对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。
Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.
产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。
③ secondary a.第二等的,次要的,强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。
My job is of secondary importance to my health.
我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。
19、abnormal,uncommon,disordered"反常的"
① abnormal a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕见),指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。
His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.
他的体温三天来一直都不正常,最高的时候达到 40.5 摄氏度。
② uncommon a.罕见的,不平常的,指很少经历或很少见到的状况;特别的,出色的。
Hurricanes are uncommon in England.
飓风在英国非常罕见。
③ disordered a.混乱的,杂乱的;(精神或身体)有病的。
We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.
我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。
20、abstract,digest,outline,summary"要点,摘要"
① abstract n.概要,摘要,尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。
I have read the abstract of his book.
我已经读了他书的概要。
② digest n.(篇幅较长的)摘要,文摘,它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释,浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。
Reader's Digest.
《读者文摘》。
③ outline n.要点,大纲,概要。
She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.
她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。
④ summary n.总结,摘要,指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点,不考虑原文的风格。
21、absurd,ridiculous,silly 都有"愚蠢,可笑"的意思
① absurd a.荒谬的,可笑的,指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。
There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.
过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。
② ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的,指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄,含有蔑视成分。
It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.
仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。
③ silly a.愚蠢的,傻的,指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。
a silly little boy.
傻小子。
22、abundant,plentiful 这两个形容词都有"充足的"之意
① abundant a.(数量)充足的,常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等,含有"过多"之意。
Oil is in abundant supply in this country.
这个国家石油供应十分充裕。
② plentiful a.丰富的,充足的,常用于食物、收获、财产等,不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。
a plentiful supply of food.
充足的食物供应。
23、acquire,attain,obtain,gain,earn,achieve,secure 都有"获得,取得"的意思,在考研屡次出现。
① acquire v. 多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等,也可用于对财物等的获得,该词强调"一经获得就会长期持有"的含义。
It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.
正是通过学习,个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。
② attain v. 指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果;也可指达到某一目标。
The sales person attained his sales goal for the month.
这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。
③ obtain v. 获得,买到,用于正式语体中。
He obtained the property with a bank loan.
他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。
④ gain v. 指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。
An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.
投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。
⑤ earn v. 挣得,赢得,指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。
How much do you earn a week?
你一星期挣多少钱?
⑥ achieve v. 得到,获得,多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
The movie star achieved success and wealth.
这个影星取得了成功和财富。
⑦ secure v. 得到;把……拿到手,含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意;使安全,保卫;作形容词比较常见,意为"安全的"。
A million signatures have been secured.
已征集到了 100 万人的签名。
He secured the office before leaving it for the night.
他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。
二、形近易混词
1、eligible,illegible
① eligible a.享有权利的,具备资格的。
He graduated from high school with good grades,so he is eligible to enroll in the state college.
他以优异的成绩从中学毕业,所以他有资格就读于州立大学。
② illegible a.很难看懂的,难以辨认的。
The writing is illegible; I cannot read what it says.字迹不清楚,我看不清上面写的是什么。
2、industrial,industrious
① industrial a.工业的,产业的。
Industrial production is up this year; but agriculture is weak.
今年工业产值上升了,但是农业依然薄弱。
② industrious a.勤奋的,忙碌的。
She started her own business and is now very industrious.
她开了一家自己的公司,因此现在很忙碌。
3、access,assess
① access n.接近,进入。
The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.
住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。
② assess v.评估(财产,价值)。
I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.
我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。
4、opt,apt
① opt v.选择,抉择(后接 for)。
She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.
她选择了在冬天休假而不是夏天。
② apt a.易于……的(后接 to);恰当的。
She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.
如果你给她施加的压力过大,她就很容易出错。
5、quite,quiet
① quite adv.相当地。
Quite a few people are going to arrive early.
想当多的人打算早到。
② quiet adj.安静的
She was received in a small,quiet office.
她在一个安静的小办公室里受到接待。
6、immoral,immortal.
① immoral adj.不道德的
It’s immoral to steal.
偷盗是不道德的。
② immortal adj.不朽的
The play contained one immortal line.
剧本中有一句不朽的名言。
7、dessert,desert
① dessert n.甜点
This dessert can be served straight from the refrigerator.
这甜点从冰箱里拿出后即可食用。
② desert n.沙漠
The heat in the desert was extreme.
沙漠中极其炎热。
8、scare,scarce
① scare n.惊吓
She felt scared at it.
她对此感到恐慌。
② scarce adj.缺乏的
Food was becoming scarce.
食物越来越紧缺。