高中英语语法归纳总结（二）
一、虚拟语气
I 虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的易错点。
① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.
句子①②都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用，从句中都是假设过去的情况，所以用过去完成时，但在主句中，句①依然指代过去的情况，谓语动词是would have done，而②中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now, 这样就必须将其理解为假设现在的情况，所以谓语动词必须为would/should/might+动词原形，学生在这一点上经常会忽略now的存在，从而按句①的形式填写答案。
Ⅱ虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中，主语从句中的谓语动词常用（should）+动词原形结构，表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被决定”等
例如：① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.
② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.
2. suggest, insist 后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方
1）①suggest 当“建议”“提出”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形” 例如：He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建议立即动工。
类似的动词还有insist坚持，demand要求，desire要求、请求，request请求，require要求、需要，order命令，propose建议，command命令，ask要求，advise建议，prefer宁愿等。 这些动词变被动语态（如：It is suggested + that主语从句）形式后，主语从句谓语动词仍用“（should）+动词原形” 这些动词变名词（如suggestion）后，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“(should)+动词原形”
②suggest 当“提出（某看法），暗示，启发”讲时，其后宾语从句的动词不用虚拟语气。 例如：（1）The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member
警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。
（2）Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。
（3）Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.虽然他没提出我们应该终止游过这条河的决定，但他的表情表明我们的决定是错误的。
A：stop; wasB: should stop; be
C: stopped ;wasD: stopped; should be
在这个句子中，前一个suggest当“建议”“提出”讲，而后一个作“表明”讲，所以答案为“A”
2）①insist作“坚决要求…该…；坚持认为…定要…”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”
例如：I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我坚持认为你应该准时到那里去
②insist 作“坚持（意见，看法）；坚持说，确信”讲时，其后从句不用虚拟语气。
例如：He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人。
二、反意疑问句中的易错点
1.在一般疑问句中，无论肯定的问或是否定的问，如果回答为肯定则用yes，反之则用no.特别注意如果出现省略则看下文所暗示的意义。
①—Are you a new comer?
—Yes, I came here only yesterday.
②—Isn’t Tom a good student?
—Yes, he is excellent.
③—Don’t you think the composition good?
—No, It can’t be any worse.
注意：在②③句中，当回答的意思与问句相一致时，则用No，译为“是的”，当回答的意思与问句相反时，则用Yes，译为“不”
2.情态动词must
① I must leave now, mustn’t I ?
② He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?（表推测）
③ He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? （表现在的结果）
④ He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didn’t he? （表过去）
当句子中有表示猜测的情态动词时，其反意疑问句的构成不能再用原句中的情态动词，而应根据原句在去掉情态动词的情况下的主谓关系来确定其反问形式。
三、非谓语动词中的易错点
非谓语与其逻辑主语（即动作的执行者或承受者）之间有三种关系，如为主谓关系，则用现在分词或不定式的主动式；如为被动关系则用过去分词、现在分词的被动（强调动作正在进行）或不定式的被动式（动作将进行）；如既无主动也无被动关系则只能用状语从句或独立主格结构（即非谓语加上自己的逻辑主语）
Judging/considering/genrally speaking/supposing 指说话者的动作，故只用主动式。如：
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.
解析：从这个句子可以看出，句词的逻辑主语与句子的主语he一致，并且是主谓关系，所以用了现在的分词作状语，同时，分词的动作明显地发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前，故采用了现代分词的完成式。
In order to improve English , ________.
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.
B. Jenny’s father bought a lot of tapes for herself.
C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.
D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.
解析：根据不定式短语我们可以推知，句子的逻辑主语应该是人而不是物，所以，应该排除CD，再就是应该是Jenny提高自己的英语，而不是她爸爸，故答案先B.
———，we decided to go out for a walk.
A. It is fine B. It fine
C. Being fine D.It being fine
解析：主句主语we与动词短语be fine之间既无主动关系与无被动关系，所以要加上自己的逻辑主语It，由于不存在主、被动关系，故不能选C项，而应该选D 项。
————more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B.To give C.Giving D. Having giving
